How to reduce swollen feet in elderly people

Swelling of the feet is an issue that becomes increasingly common as we grow older. While mild puffiness isn't necessarily cause for concern, excessive swelling can be uncomfortable. Swollen feet can also cause issues with mobility, making it difficult to walk or find comfortable footwear.

In this guide, we’ll explore what causes the feet to swell, and share tips on how to reduce swollen feet in elderly people. We’ll also recommend some useful products that can help relieve discomfort and swelling.

What causes swollen feet in elderly people?

Swelling, also known as oedema, occurs when excess fluid builds up in the body's tissues. It often affects the feet and ankles, and is particularly common in elderly adults. Some of the main causes of swollen feet in elderly people include:

• Age-related circulatory issues: elderly people are more likely to experience poor circulation, leading to fluid buildup.
• Reduced physical activity: we tend to move less as we age. Sitting in one position for too long can contribute to swollen feet and legs.
• Obesity: carrying excess weight can result in reduced blood circulation and more pressure on the feet.
• Hot weather: raised temperatures cause the body's tissues to swell and can exacerbate circulatory issues.
• Medications: some medications, such as those used to reduce blood pressure, can cause swollen feet as a side effect.
• Underlying health conditions: swelling can be a symptom of certain medical issues, such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and congestive heart failure.

Having swollen feet can be uncomfortable, and can make it harder to walk and fit into shoes. If you have swollen feet, they may look visibly puffy, and the skin may appear shiny or tight. Pressing on the swollen area can leave an indentation that takes time to go away.

Tips to reduce swollen feet in the elderly

Occasional mild foot and ankle swelling is normal in older adults, and typically gets better within a few days. If the swelling is painful, gets worse or does not go away,  see a doctor to rule out underlying medical causes. 

There are several things you can do at home to treat the swelling, relieve discomfort and improve mobility. Here are some tips to help reduce swollen feet in elderly people. 

Elevate your legs

Elevating the legs can help to relieve swelling by draining the fluid that has accumulated in the feet and ankles. You can do this by resting your feet on a footstool, or propping up your lower legs with cushions. 

Aim to raise your feet above heart level three or four times a day for 30 minutes. Positioning aids, such as leg raisers and wedges, can make it easier to elevate your legs while lying in bed. Rise and recline chairs with adjustable footrests are also ideal for this purpose. 

Wear compression stockings

Compression stockings are orthopaedic aids that apply pressure to the lower legs, promoting circulation. They gently squeeze the limbs to help prevent fluid buildup and reduce swelling of the ankles and feet.

Check with your doctor to make sure compression stockings are right for you. If so, measure your ankles and calves to find the correct size. They should feel snug and supportive, but not uncomfortably tight. If you struggle to put them on, you may wish to use a compression stocking aid or donner.

Try gentle exercise

Sitting for too long is a major contributing factor for swollen feet. Engaging in light exercise throughout the day, such as walking, helps to improve the blood flow and reduce swelling. It can also help you to lose weight if you’re overweight.

Walking aids can provide stability and support, making physical activity more accessible for those with mobility issues. This includes walkers, rollators, crutches and walking sticks.

Watch your salt intake

Sodium, found in salt, can cause the body to retain water. So, a high-salt diet can sometimes contribute to oedema in elderly people with swollen feet. 

Pay attention to your salt intake, aiming for no more than 6g per day (unless your doctor advises otherwise). This includes salt added to meals and recipes as well as the salt content of pre-prepared foods.

Stay hydrated

Drinking plenty of water can help to reduce the buildup of fluid that contributes to swollen feet. This is because when you are dehydrated, your body is more likely to try to hold on to water. 

Try to drink 6 to 8 glasses of fluid per day. Water is best, but tea, coffee, reduced-fat milk and sugar-free drinks all count.

Invest in comfortable footwear

Well-fitting, soft-soled footwear is essential for reducing swollen feet. Shoes that are too firm or tight can impair circulation, making the swelling worse.

Mobility slippers are designed to be supportive and comfortable while allowing room for swelling. Many styles are made with stretchy fabric or adjustable straps to accommodate changes in foot size throughout the day.

At Complete Care Shop, we carry a range of mobility aids, orthopaedic aids and other health and wellbeing products to help elderly individuals manage swollen feet. Contact us for advice on choosing the right products for your needs.